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Wavelength in Water Formula:
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Wavelength in substrate water refers to the distance between consecutive points of the same phase of an electromagnetic wave propagating through water. It is shorter than in air due to water's higher relative permittivity (dielectric constant).
The calculator uses the wavelength formula:
Where:
Explanation: The wavelength decreases in water compared to air because the speed of light is reduced by the factor \( \frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_r}} \).
Details: Calculating wavelength in water is crucial for underwater communication systems, sonar technology, medical imaging applications, and understanding electromagnetic wave propagation in aqueous environments.
Tips: Enter frequency in Hz and relative permittivity (ε_r ≈80 for water at room temperature). All values must be valid (frequency > 0, permittivity > 0).
Q1: Why is wavelength shorter in water than in air?
A: Water has a higher relative permittivity (ε_r ≈80) compared to air (ε_r ≈1), which reduces the speed of electromagnetic waves and consequently shortens the wavelength.
Q2: Does the relative permittivity of water change with frequency?
A: Yes, the relative permittivity of water is frequency-dependent, decreasing at higher frequencies due to dielectric relaxation phenomena.
Q3: What is the typical value of ε_r for pure water?
A: At room temperature (20°C) and low frequencies, the relative permittivity of pure water is approximately 80.
Q4: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects both the relative permittivity of water and the speed of light, though the latter effect is negligible for most practical purposes.
Q5: Can this calculator be used for other liquids?
A: Yes, by entering the appropriate relative permittivity value for the specific liquid, this calculator can determine wavelength in various dielectric media.